Development of a Reflection-Based Prayer Habituation Pocket Book to Enhance Prayer-Worship Consciousness of Fifth-Grade Students

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a Reflection-Based Prayer Habituation Pocket Book that is valid, feasible, and effective in enhancing the prayer-worship consciousness of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Bendo Samigaluh, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The study was motivated by students' mechanistic and externally driven prayer practices, resulting from the absence of a habituation instrument that incorporates structured self-reflection. This research and development (R&D) study employed the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) with a mixed-method approach involving 16 fifth-grade students. Product effectiveness was examined using a one-group pre-test post-test design, analyzed through the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The pocket book was rated highly feasible, with content-expert validation of 88.75% and media-expert validation of 88.63% (combined 88.69%). The mean worship-consciousness score increased from 40.00 to 42.00, with a significant Wilcoxon result (Z = -2.590; Sig. = 0.010), corroborated by a paired-sample t-test (t(15) = -2.928; Sig. = 0.010). Qualitative analysis of students' reflection journals showed that 60% of students formulated concrete plans to improve their worship practice, while the school principal (93.75%) and homeroom teacher (95.83%) rated the product highly. The pocket book is thus a valid, feasible, and effective alternative medium for enhancing elementary students' prayer-worship consciousness, although a longer implementation period is recommended to confirm the consistency of these results.